🔆 Shipki La Pass Reopened: Key Facts

✅ Himachal Pradesh reopened Shipki La Pass for tourists.
✅ It was an old trade route between India and Tibet.
✅ Trade included wool, salt, grains, and turquoise.
✅ It shortens Delhi–Mansarovar route by 14 days.
✅ Strong cultural ties exist across the India-China border here.
✅ Reopening can boost tourism, jobs, and people-to-people contact.
✅ May support soft diplomacy and regional peace.

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🔆 Global Ocean Heat Content (OHC) – Climate Indicator

📍 Definition: Total heat absorbed & stored in oceans, measured at various depths.

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• Oceans absorb 90% of excess global heat.
• Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans warm faster than global average.
• Since 1980s, OHC has doubled/tripled (2023 study).

✅ Significance
• Drives sea level rise, alters weather, disrupts ecosystems, and strengthens cyclones.
• A stable climate change indicator beyond surface temperatures.

#Geography

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🔆 External Migration: A Double-Edged Sword

📍Migration brings economic benefits but also social challenges.

✅ Positive Impacts
• Remittances boost economy: India received over $100 billion recently.
• Employment generation abroad: Eases pressure on local job markets.
• Skill transfer: Returnees bring global expertise (e.g., IT professionals).
• Improved living standards: Better access to health and education.
• Cultural exposure: Enhances language, awareness, global ties.
• Diplomatic leverage: Diaspora strengthens India’s global influence.

❌ Negative Impacts
• Brain drain: Skilled youth, especially STEM grads, migrate.
• Family disruption: Long separation causes emotional stress.
• Regional imbalance: Punjab, Kerala over-dependent on remittances.
• Worker exploitation: Many face wage theft, legal issues abroad.
• Remittance dependency: Economic shocks like COVID-19 hit hard.
• Cultural erosion: Identity conflicts among migrant youth.

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