Fast unfolding of communities in large networks: 15 years later
The Louvain method was proposed 15 years ago as a heuristic method for the fast detection of communities in large networks. During this period, it has emerged as one of the most popular methods for community detection: the task of partitioning vertices of a network into dense groups, usually called communities or clusters. Here, after a short introduction to the method, we give an overview of the different generalizations, modifications and improvements that have been proposed in the literature, and also survey the quality functions, beyond modularity, for which it has been implemented. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the limitations of the method and perspectives for future research.
Fast unfolding of communities in large networks: 15 years later
The Louvain method was proposed 15 years ago as a heuristic method for the fast detection of communities in large networks. During this period, it has emerged as one of the most popular methods for community detection: the task of partitioning vertices of a network into dense groups, usually called communities or clusters. Here, after a short introduction to the method, we give an overview of the different generalizations, modifications and improvements that have been proposed in the literature, and also survey the quality functions, beyond modularity, for which it has been implemented. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the limitations of the method and perspectives for future research.
"There are several million Russians who can lift their head up from propaganda and try to look for other sources, and I'd say that most look for it on Telegram," he said. At this point, however, Durov had already been working on Telegram with his brother, and further planned a mobile-first social network with an explicit focus on anti-censorship. Later in April, he told TechCrunch that he had left Russia and had “no plans to go back,” saying that the nation was currently “incompatible with internet business at the moment.” He added later that he was looking for a country that matched his libertarian ideals to base his next startup. This ability to mix the public and the private, as well as the ability to use bots to engage with users has proved to be problematic. In early 2021, a database selling phone numbers pulled from Facebook was selling numbers for $20 per lookup. Similarly, security researchers found a network of deepfake bots on the platform that were generating images of people submitted by users to create non-consensual imagery, some of which involved children. Some people used the platform to organize ahead of the storming of the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, and last month Senator Mark Warner sent a letter to Durov urging him to curb Russian information operations on Telegram. Founder Pavel Durov says tech is meant to set you free
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