False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. Artem Kliuchnikov and his family fled Ukraine just days before the Russian invasion. But because group chats and the channel features are not end-to-end encrypted, Galperin said user privacy is potentially under threat. Messages are not fully encrypted by default. That means the company could, in theory, access the content of the messages, or be forced to hand over the data at the request of a government. "The argument from Telegram is, 'You should trust us because we tell you that we're trustworthy,'" Maréchal said. "It's really in the eye of the beholder whether that's something you want to buy into."
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