(من قال: لا إله إلا الله، وحده لا شريك له، له الملك وله الحمد، وهو على كل شيء قدير، في يوم مئة مرة، كانت له عدل عشر رقاب، وكتبت له مئة حسنة، ومحيت عنه مئة سيئة، وكانت له حرزا من الشيطان يومه ذلك حتى يمسي...).
(من قال: لا إله إلا الله، وحده لا شريك له، له الملك وله الحمد، وهو على كل شيء قدير، في يوم مئة مرة، كانت له عدل عشر رقاب، وكتبت له مئة حسنة، ومحيت عنه مئة سيئة، وكانت له حرزا من الشيطان يومه ذلك حتى يمسي...).
Telegram, which does little policing of its content, has also became a hub for Russian propaganda and misinformation. Many pro-Kremlin channels have become popular, alongside accounts of journalists and other independent observers. This ability to mix the public and the private, as well as the ability to use bots to engage with users has proved to be problematic. In early 2021, a database selling phone numbers pulled from Facebook was selling numbers for $20 per lookup. Similarly, security researchers found a network of deepfake bots on the platform that were generating images of people submitted by users to create non-consensual imagery, some of which involved children. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. For Oleksandra Tsekhanovska, head of the Hybrid Warfare Analytical Group at the Kyiv-based Ukraine Crisis Media Center, the effects are both near- and far-reaching. In 2018, Russia banned Telegram although it reversed the prohibition two years later.
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