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In Tatar, the combination of verbal adverbs (VA) formed with -a, -ə, -ıy, -i or -p, -ıp, -ep / -mıy, -mi, -mıyça, -miçə with auxiliary verbs is one of the most common ways to express subtle nuances of action. Auxiliary verbs are independent verbs that, when combined with a verbal adverb, add a lexical nuance to the action of the principal verb.
💬uqı (read) – uqıp çıq (read through) – uqıp beter (read to the end, finish reading)
💡 Using auxiliaries often makes an action more definite or concrete: Awırunıñ xəle yaxşıra. – The condition of the patient is improving.
Awırunıñ xəle yaxşıra bara. – The condition of the patient is gradually improving.
Here are some frequently used auxiliary verbs:
🔸başlaw (lit. to begin) – with a VA in -a, -ə, -ıy, -i indicates the beginning of an action
Əni çəy əzerli başladı. (Kərim Əmiri, “Əsma”) – Mother began to make tea.
🔸betü (lit. to end (intrans.)) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that the action has come to an end
Cil tuqtağan, kiçəge bolıtlar taralıp betkənnər. (Ğalimcan İbrahimov, “Diñgezdə”) – The wind has stopped, and yesterday's clouds have completely dispersed.
🔸beterü (lit. to finish, bring to an end) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that an action is brought to an end
Rəis, xatnı uqıp betergəç, berniqədər waqıt onıtılıp tordı. (Mirsəy Əmir, “Məxəbbət xatı”) – After reading the letter, Rəis became lost in thought for some time.
uqıy başladı – started reading uqıp beterde – finished reading
🔸kilü (lit. to come) – with a VA in -a, -ə, -ıy, -i or in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that an action is repeated within a certain period of time
Min bit gel əytə kildem, Sayimə ciñgi, tuy yasamıym, didem. (Şərif Xösəyenov, “Əniyemneñ aq külməge”) – After all, (sister-in-law) Sayimə, I have said it all along, I'm not going to have a wedding, I said.
• With a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates the direction of an action towards the speaker:
alıp kildem – I brought (lit. I took and came)
🔸kitü (lit. to leave, go away) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates the sudden begin and rapid development of an action
Uyın yañadan qızıp kitə. (Şəyxi Mannur, “Ağımsularğa qarap”) – The game is heating up again.
• Also indicates an action moving away from the speaker:
çığıp kittem –I left
• Used together with bulıp denotes an action or state becoming continuous
dus bulıp kittek –we became friends
oçıp kilü – to come flying oçıp kitü – to fly away
🔸menü (lit. to mount (on), to rise, climb, ascend) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates an upward direction of the action
🔸töşü (lit. to descend, to fall) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates a downward direction of the action
sikerep mende – jumped on sth. sikerep töşte – jumped down
🔸quyu (lit. to put, lay down) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates an intentional execution of an action, often producing a result
Tuqta, min bolarnı yazıp ta quyıym əle. (Mirsəy Əmir, “Yeget şə-ə-əp”) – Wait, please, let me just write down these things.
bəyləp quyu – to tie yatlap quyu – to learn by heart
🔸cibərü (lit. to send) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates a sudden, forceful, or brief action that may start abruptly, intensify, be carried out unconsciously, or develop into a continuous state.
kölep cibərü – to burst out laughing etep cibərü – to push
🔸citü (lit. to reach) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that the action or state has reached a limit or has rendered a result
İkençe könne nəq bilgeləngən waqıtta Mədinəneñ çaqırulı qunaqları kilep citte. (Atilla Rasix, “İke buydaq”) – The next day, exactly at the set time, Mədinə's invited guests arrived.
In Tatar, the combination of verbal adverbs (VA) formed with -a, -ə, -ıy, -i or -p, -ıp, -ep / -mıy, -mi, -mıyça, -miçə with auxiliary verbs is one of the most common ways to express subtle nuances of action. Auxiliary verbs are independent verbs that, when combined with a verbal adverb, add a lexical nuance to the action of the principal verb.
💬uqı (read) – uqıp çıq (read through) – uqıp beter (read to the end, finish reading)
💡 Using auxiliaries often makes an action more definite or concrete: Awırunıñ xəle yaxşıra. – The condition of the patient is improving.
Awırunıñ xəle yaxşıra bara. – The condition of the patient is gradually improving.
Here are some frequently used auxiliary verbs:
🔸başlaw (lit. to begin) – with a VA in -a, -ə, -ıy, -i indicates the beginning of an action
Əni çəy əzerli başladı. (Kərim Əmiri, “Əsma”) – Mother began to make tea.
🔸betü (lit. to end (intrans.)) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that the action has come to an end
Cil tuqtağan, kiçəge bolıtlar taralıp betkənnər. (Ğalimcan İbrahimov, “Diñgezdə”) – The wind has stopped, and yesterday's clouds have completely dispersed.
🔸beterü (lit. to finish, bring to an end) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that an action is brought to an end
Rəis, xatnı uqıp betergəç, berniqədər waqıt onıtılıp tordı. (Mirsəy Əmir, “Məxəbbət xatı”) – After reading the letter, Rəis became lost in thought for some time.
uqıy başladı – started reading uqıp beterde – finished reading
🔸kilü (lit. to come) – with a VA in -a, -ə, -ıy, -i or in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that an action is repeated within a certain period of time
Min bit gel əytə kildem, Sayimə ciñgi, tuy yasamıym, didem. (Şərif Xösəyenov, “Əniyemneñ aq külməge”) – After all, (sister-in-law) Sayimə, I have said it all along, I'm not going to have a wedding, I said.
• With a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates the direction of an action towards the speaker:
alıp kildem – I brought (lit. I took and came)
🔸kitü (lit. to leave, go away) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates the sudden begin and rapid development of an action
Uyın yañadan qızıp kitə. (Şəyxi Mannur, “Ağımsularğa qarap”) – The game is heating up again.
• Also indicates an action moving away from the speaker:
çığıp kittem –I left
• Used together with bulıp denotes an action or state becoming continuous
dus bulıp kittek –we became friends
oçıp kilü – to come flying oçıp kitü – to fly away
🔸menü (lit. to mount (on), to rise, climb, ascend) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates an upward direction of the action
🔸töşü (lit. to descend, to fall) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates a downward direction of the action
sikerep mende – jumped on sth. sikerep töşte – jumped down
🔸quyu (lit. to put, lay down) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates an intentional execution of an action, often producing a result
Tuqta, min bolarnı yazıp ta quyıym əle. (Mirsəy Əmir, “Yeget şə-ə-əp”) – Wait, please, let me just write down these things.
bəyləp quyu – to tie yatlap quyu – to learn by heart
🔸cibərü (lit. to send) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates a sudden, forceful, or brief action that may start abruptly, intensify, be carried out unconsciously, or develop into a continuous state.
kölep cibərü – to burst out laughing etep cibərü – to push
🔸citü (lit. to reach) – with a VA in -p, -ıp, -ep indicates that the action or state has reached a limit or has rendered a result
İkençe könne nəq bilgeləngən waqıtta Mədinəneñ çaqırulı qunaqları kilep citte. (Atilla Rasix, “İke buydaq”) – The next day, exactly at the set time, Mədinə's invited guests arrived.
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