The PHIA Probability Yardstick Most intelligence judgements have some degree of uncertainty associated with them. The intelligence assessment community use terms such as ‘unlikely’ or ‘probable’ to convey this. These terms are used instead of numerical probabilities e.g. 55% to avoid interpretation of judgements as being overly precise, as most intelligence judgements are not based on quantitative data. A Yardstick establishes what these terms approximately correspond to in numerical probability. This ensures that readers understand a judgement as the analyst intends. The rigourous use of a Yardstick also ensures that analysts themselves make clear judgements and avoid the inappropriate use of terms that imply a judgement without being clear what it is (e.g. ‘if x were to occur, then y might happen’). The Professional Head of Intelligence Assessment Probability Yardstick splits the probability scale into seven ranges. Terms are assigned to each probability range. source مرتبط با: www.group-telegram.com/nouritazeh/5038
The PHIA Probability Yardstick Most intelligence judgements have some degree of uncertainty associated with them. The intelligence assessment community use terms such as ‘unlikely’ or ‘probable’ to convey this. These terms are used instead of numerical probabilities e.g. 55% to avoid interpretation of judgements as being overly precise, as most intelligence judgements are not based on quantitative data. A Yardstick establishes what these terms approximately correspond to in numerical probability. This ensures that readers understand a judgement as the analyst intends. The rigourous use of a Yardstick also ensures that analysts themselves make clear judgements and avoid the inappropriate use of terms that imply a judgement without being clear what it is (e.g. ‘if x were to occur, then y might happen’). The Professional Head of Intelligence Assessment Probability Yardstick splits the probability scale into seven ranges. Terms are assigned to each probability range. source مرتبط با: www.group-telegram.com/nouritazeh/5038
Artem Kliuchnikov and his family fled Ukraine just days before the Russian invasion. But the Ukraine Crisis Media Center's Tsekhanovska points out that communications are often down in zones most affected by the war, making this sort of cross-referencing a luxury many cannot afford. Pavel Durov, Telegram's CEO, is known as "the Russian Mark Zuckerberg," for co-founding VKontakte, which is Russian for "in touch," a Facebook imitator that became the country's most popular social networking site. He said that since his platform does not have the capacity to check all channels, it may restrict some in Russia and Ukraine "for the duration of the conflict," but then reversed course hours later after many users complained that Telegram was an important source of information. On December 23rd, 2020, Pavel Durov posted to his channel that the company would need to start generating revenue. In early 2021, he added that any advertising on the platform would not use user data for targeting, and that it would be focused on “large one-to-many channels.” He pledged that ads would be “non-intrusive” and that most users would simply not notice any change.
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