🔸 یارانه پنهان و مالیات پنهان، این همانی یا هم‌راستایی؟
دکتر سهراب دل‌انگیزان
وضوع یارانه‌های پنهان در کشور ما دیرزمانی است که از طرف اقتصاددانان به‌عنوان یک انحراف بزرگ در اقتصاد طرح و بحث می‌شود. البته در زمان‌هایی نیز برای حذف آنها به اسم هدفمندسازی یارانه‌ها، اقداماتی ناکارآمد صورت گرفت، اما این اقدامات نه تنها نتوانست مشکل را حل نماید، بلکه به‌علت انتخاب روش و برنامه غلط در تنظیم، سازوکار و اجرای آن، مشکلات بزرگتری را برای کشور بوجودآورد....
🔸 یارانه پنهان و مالیات پنهان، این همانی یا هم‌راستایی؟
دکتر سهراب دل‌انگیزان
وضوع یارانه‌های پنهان در کشور ما دیرزمانی است که از طرف اقتصاددانان به‌عنوان یک انحراف بزرگ در اقتصاد طرح و بحث می‌شود. البته در زمان‌هایی نیز برای حذف آنها به اسم هدفمندسازی یارانه‌ها، اقداماتی ناکارآمد صورت گرفت، اما این اقدامات نه تنها نتوانست مشکل را حل نماید، بلکه به‌علت انتخاب روش و برنامه غلط در تنظیم، سازوکار و اجرای آن، مشکلات بزرگتری را برای کشور بوجودآورد....
If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. But Kliuchnikov, the Ukranian now in France, said he will use Signal or WhatsApp for sensitive conversations, but questions around privacy on Telegram do not give him pause when it comes to sharing information about the war.
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